A recent study by Aga Khan University (AKU) highlights the serious impact of air pollution on respiratory health in Karachi. The findings reveal that increased particulate matter, especially fine particles like PM2.5, is significantly linked to a rise in respiratory disorders, including chronic illnesses like asthma and bronchitis. Pollution levels in Karachi, primarily caused by vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and construction dust, often surpass safe limits recommended by the World Health Organization, exposing both children and adults to health risks.
The study titled “Impact of Fine Particulate Pollution Exposures on Respiratory Health in a Mega City of Pakistan,” recently published in Atmospheric Pollution Research, examines how fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Karachi affects respiratory health. Researchers found a direct correlation between high PM2.5 exposure and increased respiratory conditions, such as asthma and bronchitis. This study underscores the urgent health risks posed by Karachi’s air pollution, which stems largely from vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and construction, and calls for immediate pollution mitigation measures to protect public health.
High levels of sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, and black carbon have also been found widespread across the city that contributed to poor air quality. “We have seen a 25 to 30 percent increase in hospital admissions and ER visits on a daily basis and found children under one year, adults above 65 years and people with compromised immunity levels very vulnerable,” said Prof Zafar Fatimi, Section Head, Environmental, Occupational Health and Climate Change, Community Health Sciences at AKU, adding that many patients admitted in critical condition couldn’t survive.
Pediatric associations report that children, whose developing lungs are more vulnerable, show heightened cases of respiratory issues, with asthma diagnoses on the rise. The surge in respiratory diseases is also overwhelming local hospitals, as both emergency visits and hospitalizations have increased in response to worsening air quality. Health experts urge protective measures, like wearing masks and limiting outdoor activities during high-pollution days, to mitigate health impacts, especially for vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly.
The effects are especially pronounced among vulnerable populations, like children, whose respiratory and immune systems are still developing, making them more susceptible to chronic diseases. Local hospitals are increasingly overwhelmed, with more cases of respiratory illnesses being reported, which poses additional strains on healthcare infrastructure. Experts are urging the implementation of measures like using masks, improving air quality management, and reducing exposure, especially on days with higher pollution levels.